{"id":5094,"date":"2021-03-03T09:45:15","date_gmt":"2021-03-03T15:45:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/borderlessmag.org\/?p=5094"},"modified":"2024-08-30T09:32:24","modified_gmt":"2024-08-30T14:32:24","slug":"chicagoan-recuerda-al-iran-revolucionario","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/borderlessmag.org\/es\/2021\/03\/03\/chicagoan-remembers-revolutionary-iran\/","title":{"rendered":"Un ciudadano de Chicago recuerda el Ir\u00e1n revolucionario"},"content":{"rendered":"

Read in English<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Aumentan las tensiones entre Estados Unidos e Ir\u00e1n tras la <\/span>Estados Unidos lanz\u00f3 ataques a\u00e9reos contra la milicia respaldada por Ir\u00e1n<\/span><\/a> cerca de la frontera entre Siria e Irak el jueves. Los ataques se produjeron en respuesta a recientes atentados en Irak contra objetivos estadounidenses, probablemente lanzados por milicianos, y casi tres a\u00f1os despu\u00e9s de que el expresidente Donald Trump <\/span>retir\u00f3 a Estados Unidos del acuerdo nuclear con Ir\u00e1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Las tensiones son s\u00f3lo los enfrentamientos m\u00e1s recientes entre ambos pa\u00edses en las cuatro d\u00e9cadas transcurridas desde que los revolucionarios iran\u00edes derrocaron en 1979 al sha Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, respaldado por Estados Unidos, lo que dio lugar a la creaci\u00f3n de la Rep\u00fablica Isl\u00e1mica de Ir\u00e1n.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ese per\u00edodo crucial es el tema del libro del autor de Chicago <\/span>Jacqueline Saper<\/span><\/a>El galardonado libro de memorias de <\/span>\"De la minifalda al hiyab: Una ni\u00f1a en el Ir\u00e1n revolucionario\". <\/span>Saper, nacida en Teher\u00e1n, ten\u00eda 18 a\u00f1os cuando presenci\u00f3 los acontecimientos hist\u00f3ricos que condujeron a la revoluci\u00f3n y los dram\u00e1ticos cambios que experiment\u00f3 su pa\u00eds en los a\u00f1os posteriores. Como jud\u00eda de madre brit\u00e1nica y padre iran\u00ed, la vida bajo el nuevo r\u00e9gimen le result\u00f3 dif\u00edcil. En 1987 solicit\u00f3 asilo en Estados Unidos con su marido.<\/span><\/p>\n

Borderless Magazine habl\u00f3 con Saper sobre sus memorias.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Iran\u00ed,

\"De la minifalda al hiyab: Una ni\u00f1a en el Ir\u00e1n revolucionario\", de la escritora de Chicago Jacqueline Saper. Foto cortes\u00eda de Jacqueline Saper<\/p><\/div>\n

\n

Revista Borderless: <\/b>\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 escribi\u00f3 \"De la minifalda al hiyab\"?<\/p>\n

Jacqueline Saper:<\/strong> En 1978, Ir\u00e1n ten\u00eda una poblaci\u00f3n de casi 36 millones de habitantes. Hoy Ir\u00e1n tiene casi 83 millones de habitantes. M\u00e1s de la mitad de los iran\u00edes tienen menos de 40 a\u00f1os y no saben c\u00f3mo era la vida antes o durante la revoluci\u00f3n. As\u00ed que escrib\u00ed este libro sobre mi experiencia personal viviendo en el Ir\u00e1n revolucionario, que es un periodo hist\u00f3rico que hay que conocer.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Revista Borderless: <\/b>\u00bfC\u00f3mo fue la transici\u00f3n del Ir\u00e1n anterior a la revoluci\u00f3n al Ir\u00e1n posterior?<\/p>\n

Jacqueline Saper: <\/strong>Mis a\u00f1os de formaci\u00f3n como adolescente fueron muy modernos: llevaba minifaldas, iba a los bailes del colegio, iba a un colegio mixto, ve\u00eda pel\u00edculas americanas, iba al campamento jud\u00edo y viajaba una y otra vez al Reino Unido. Era muy parecido a vivir en Europa o Estados Unidos. Era una sociedad integradora en la que jud\u00edos, musulmanes chi\u00edes, cristianos y bah\u00e1'\u00eds viv\u00edan en paz.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Despu\u00e9s de 1979, el Estado y la religi\u00f3n se unificaron. Las minor\u00edas religiosas de Ir\u00e1n fueron marginadas. El sistema judicial pas\u00f3 a basarse en la ley isl\u00e1mica o sharia, aunque se conservaron algunos aspectos del derecho civil. Se oblig\u00f3 a las mujeres a llevar el hiyab y las escuelas pasaron a estar separadas por sexos.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\tSeguir leyendo\t\t\t\t<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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Cuatro formas de vivir la cultura iran\u00ed durante el conflicto<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSarah Conway<\/a><\/span><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t-<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t8 de enero de 2020<\/a><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/header>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n

Revista Borderless: <\/b>Usted vivi\u00f3 en Ir\u00e1n durante ocho a\u00f1os despu\u00e9s de la revoluci\u00f3n. \u00bfPuede hablarnos de su viaje desde Ir\u00e1n a Estados Unidos?<\/p>\n

Jacqueline Saper: <\/strong>Fue muy dif\u00edcil. Lo dejamos todo atr\u00e1s. Cuando llegamos a Estados Unidos en 1987, \u00e9ramos solicitantes de asilo por persecuci\u00f3n religiosa.<\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

Al principio nos fuimos a Houston. Estuvimos all\u00ed 14 meses porque el hermano peque\u00f1o de mi marido viv\u00eda all\u00ed y ten\u00eda una florister\u00eda.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Mi marido era cirujano en Ir\u00e1n, pero su formaci\u00f3n no fue aceptada en Estados Unidos porque era extranjera. Ten\u00eda treinta y tantos a\u00f1os y su ingl\u00e9s no era bueno, pero tuvo que volver a hacer la residencia m\u00e9dica para trabajar como m\u00e9dico. Conoc\u00ed a muchos m\u00e9dicos iran\u00edes que no pudieron hacerlo, pero mi marido lo hizo y empez\u00f3 de nuevo su residencia en cirug\u00eda. Consigui\u00f3 una plaza de residente en Chicago y por eso nos mudamos aqu\u00ed definitivamente.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Ir\u00e1n,

El padre de Jacqueline Saper, el profesor Rahmat Lavi, en el centro, durante su clase de qu\u00edmica universitaria en la Universidad Elm-O-Sanat (Universidad de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda de Ir\u00e1n) en 1975 en Teher\u00e1n, Ir\u00e1n. Foto cortes\u00eda de Jacqueline Saper<\/p><\/div>\n

Volv\u00ed a la universidad y puse a mi hijo, que entonces ten\u00eda 4 a\u00f1os, en preescolar. Fue una \u00e9poca dif\u00edcil porque mi marido solo era m\u00e9dico residente, as\u00ed que su sueldo era bajo.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Mi lema en la vida es sobrevivir, no hay otro camino. Como no buscamos refugio a trav\u00e9s de organizaciones, no obtuvimos ninguna prestaci\u00f3n ni recibimos fondos del gobierno. Somos inmigrantes muy orgullosos, hemos contribuido a la sociedad estadounidense y mi marido ha ejercido como m\u00e9dico aqu\u00ed durante m\u00e1s de 30 a\u00f1os. Yo me convert\u00ed en contable p\u00fablica certificada, mi hija en abogada y mi hijo en cirujano. Ni mis hijos ni yo habr\u00edamos tenido esta oportunidad si nos hubi\u00e9ramos quedado en Ir\u00e1n.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Revista Borderless: <\/b>\u00bfEn qu\u00e9 cree que se equivoca la gente con respecto a Ir\u00e1n?<\/p>\n

Jacqueline Saper: <\/strong>Estoy muy orgulloso de ser iran\u00ed. La gente est\u00e1 mal informada sobre Oriente Pr\u00f3ximo. Tambi\u00e9n tienen miedo. S\u00ed, es una regi\u00f3n siempre llena de conflictos. Pero es rica en cultura.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Siempre hablo de Ir\u00e1n para educar a la gente. Ir\u00e1n no es todo el mundo gritando y los ayatol\u00e1s coreando: \"\u00a1Muerte a Am\u00e9rica!\". La mayor\u00eda de los iran\u00edes son j\u00f3venes y tienen acceso a las redes sociales, y est\u00e1n expuestos al cine y a la cultura estadounidense. Hay belleza, naturaleza, rica historia, poes\u00eda, exquisita cocina, arte. No son gente b\u00e1rbara.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Iran\u00ed,

Jacqueline Saper en 1985 en Shiraz, Ir\u00e1n. Foto cortes\u00eda de Jacqueline Saper<\/p><\/div>\n

Antes de que el hiyab se impusiera como ley, las mujeres pod\u00edan elegir si llevarlo o no y se basaba en la elecci\u00f3n. Tras la revoluci\u00f3n, el hiyab se impuso sin importar la etnia o la religi\u00f3n con la que te identificaras. S\u00f3lo pod\u00edamos llevar hiyab negro, gris marino o marr\u00f3n. Incluso un mech\u00f3n de pelo pod\u00eda hacer que te arrestaran.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Sin embargo, cuarenta a\u00f1os despu\u00e9s, la estricta Rep\u00fablica Isl\u00e1mica que esperaban los fundadores no es lo que vemos en el Ir\u00e1n actual. Ir\u00e1n ha evolucionado, y las mujeres modernas de Ir\u00e1n son en realidad las mayores opositoras a las restricciones estrictas.<\/span><\/p>\n

Revista Borderless: <\/b>\u00bfHas podido volver?<\/p>\n

Jacqueline Saper: <\/strong>Por desgracia, no he vuelto a Ir\u00e1n desde que me fui. Mi pa\u00eds es Estados Unidos, pero no he olvidado mi pa\u00eds natal.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Esta entrevista ha sido editada por razones de longitud y claridad.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Nuestro trabajo es posible gracias a las donaciones de personas como usted. Apoye la informaci\u00f3n de alta calidad haciendo una donaci\u00f3n deducible de impuestos hoy mismo. \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\n\t\t\t Donar \n\t\t<\/a><\/h4>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La autora local Jacqueline Saper era una joven durante la revoluci\u00f3n iran\u00ed de 1979 y busc\u00f3 asilo en Estados Unidos.\u00a0<\/p>","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":5088,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[318],"tags":[620],"coauthors":[211],"class_list":{"0":"post-5094","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-arts-culture","8":"tag-jacquelinesaper"},"yoast_head":"\nChicagoan Remembers Revolutionary Iran – Borderless Magazine NFP<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Local author Jacqueline Saper was a young woman during the 1979 revolution in Iran and sought asylum in the United States.\u00a0\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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